1 Scope of the Report
1.1 Market Introduction
1.2 Years Considered
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Market Research Methodology
1.5 Research Process and Data Source
1.6 Economic Indicators
1.7 Currency Considered
2 Executive Summary
2.1 World Market Overview
2.1.1 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Consumption 2016-2026
2.1.2 Injectable Drug Delivery System Consumption CAGR by Region
2.2 Injectable Drug Delivery System Segment by Type
2.2.1 Conventional Devices
2.2.2 Self Injecting Devices
2.2.3 Others
2.3 Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Type
2.3.1 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
2.3.2 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue and Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
2.3.3 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sale Price by Type (2016-2021)
2.4 Injectable Drug Delivery System Segment by Application
2.4.1 Hospital
2.4.2 Clinic
2.4.3 Personal
2.4.4 Other
2.5 Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Application
2.5.1 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sale Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
2.5.2 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue and Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
2.5.3 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sale Price by Application (2016-2021)
3 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System by Company
3.1 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Company
3.1.1 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Company (2019-2021)
3.1.2 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Company (2019-2021)
3.2 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Company
3.2.1 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue by Company (2019-2021)
3.2.2 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Company (2019-2021)
3.3 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sale Price by Company
3.4 Global Manufacturers Injectable Drug Delivery System Producing Area Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type
3.4.1 Key Manufacturers Injectable Drug Delivery System Product Location Distribution
3.4.2 Players Injectable Drug Delivery System Products Offered
3.5 Market Concentration Rate Analysis
3.5.1 Competition Landscape Analysis
3.5.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2019-2021)
3.6 New Products and Potential Entrants
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 Injectable Drug Delivery System by Region
4.1 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System by Region
4.1.1 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Region
4.1.2 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue by Region
4.2 Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Growth
4.3 APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Growth
4.4 Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Growth
4.5 Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Growth
5 Americas
5.1 Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Country
5.1.1 Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Country (2016-2021)
5.1.2 Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue by Country (2016-2021)
5.2 Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Type
5.3 Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Application
5.4 United States
5.5 Canada
5.6 Mexico
5.7 Brazil
6 APAC
6.1 APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Region
6.1.1 APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Region (2016-2021)
6.1.2 APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue by Region (2016-2021)
6.2 APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Type
6.3 APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Application
6.4 China
6.5 Japan
6.6 Korea
6.7 Southeast Asia
6.8 India
6.9 Australia
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System by Country
7.1.1 Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Country (2016-2021)
7.1.2 Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue by Country (2016-2021)
7.2 Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Type
7.3 Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Application
7.4 Germany
7.5 France
7.6 UK
7.7 Italy
7.8 Russia
8 Middle East & Africa
8.1 Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System by Country
8.1.1 Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Country (2016-2021)
8.1.2 Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue by Country (2016-2021)
8.2 Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Type
8.3 Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Application
8.4 Egypt
8.5 South Africa
8.6 Israel
8.7 Turkey
8.8 GCC Country
9 Market Drivers, Challenges and Trends
9.1 Market Drivers and Impact
9.1.1 Growing Demand from Key Regions
9.1.2 Growing Demand from Key Applications and Potential Industries
9.2 Market Challenges and Impact
9.3 Market Trends
10 Marketing, Distributors and Customer
10.1 Sales Channel
10.1.1 Direct Channels
10.1.2 Indirect Channels
10.2 Injectable Drug Delivery System Distributors
10.3 Injectable Drug Delivery System Customer
11 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Market Forecast
11.1 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Forecast by Region
11.1.1 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
11.2.2 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
11.2 Americas Forecast by Countries
11.3 APAC Forecast by Region
11.4 Europe Forecast by Countries
11.5 Middle East & Africa Forecast by Countries
11.6 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Forecast by Type
11.7 Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Forecast by Application
12 Key Players Analysis
12.1 Becton, Dickinson and Company
12.1.1 Becton, Dickinson and Company Becton, Dickinson and Company Company Information
12.1.2 Becton, Dickinson and Company Injectable Drug Delivery System Product Offered
12.1.3 Becton, Dickinson and Company Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.1.4 Becton, Dickinson and Company Main Business Overview
12.1.5 Becton, Dickinson and Company Latest Developments
12.2 Baxter International
12.2.1 Baxter International Company Information
12.2.2 Baxter International Injectable Drug Delivery System Product Offered
12.2.3 Baxter International Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.2.4 Baxter International Main Business Overview
12.2.5 Baxter International Latest Developments
12.3 Pfizer
12.3.1 Pfizer Company Information
12.3.2 Pfizer Injectable Drug Delivery System Product Offered
12.3.3 Pfizer Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.3.4 Pfizer Main Business Overview
12.3.5 Pfizer Latest Developments
12.4 Gerresheimer AG
12.4.1 Gerresheimer AG Company Information
12.4.2 Gerresheimer AG Injectable Drug Delivery System Product Offered
12.4.3 Gerresheimer AG Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.4.4 Gerresheimer AG Main Business Overview
12.4.5 Gerresheimer AG Latest Developments
12.5 Schott AG
12.5.1 Schott AG Company Information
12.5.2 Schott AG Injectable Drug Delivery System Product Offered
12.5.3 Schott AG Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.5.4 Schott AG Main Business Overview
12.5.5 Schott AG Latest Developments
12.6 Eli Lilly and Company
12.6.1 Eli Lilly and Company Company Information
12.6.2 Eli Lilly and Company Injectable Drug Delivery System Product Offered
12.6.3 Eli Lilly and Company Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.6.4 Eli Lilly and Company Main Business Overview
12.6.5 Eli Lilly and Company Latest Developments
12.7 Terumo Corporation
12.7.1 Terumo Corporation Company Information
12.7.2 Terumo Corporation Injectable Drug Delivery System Product Offered
12.7.3 Terumo Corporation Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.7.4 Terumo Corporation Main Business Overview
12.7.5 Terumo Corporation Latest Developments
…
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
List of TablesTable 1. Injectable Drug Delivery System Consumption CAGR by Region (2020-2026) & ($ Millions)
Table 2. Major Players of Conventional Devices
Table 3. Major Players of Self Injecting Devices
Table 4. Major Players of Others
Table 5. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 6. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 7. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & ($ million)
Table 8. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 9. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sale Price by Type (2016-2021)
Table 10. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 11. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 12. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Value by Application (2016-2021)
Table 13. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 14. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sale Price by Application (2016-2021)
Table 15. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Company (2019-2021) & (K Units)
Table 16. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Company (2019-2021)
Table 17. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue by Company (2019-2021) ($ Millions)
Table 18. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Company (2019-2021)
Table 19. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sale Price by Company (2019-2021)
Table 20. Key Manufacturers Injectable Drug Delivery System Producing Area Distribution and Sales Area
Table 21. Players Injectable Drug Delivery System Products Offered
Table 22. Injectable Drug Delivery System Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2019-2021)
Table 23. New Products and Potential Entrants
Table 24. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 25. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Region (2016-2021) (K Units)
Table 26. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 27. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue by Region (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 28. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 29. Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 30. Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 31. Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 32. Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 33. Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 34. Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 35. Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 36. Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 37. APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Region (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 38. APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 39. APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue by Region (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 40. APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 41. APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 42. APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 43. APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 44. APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 45. Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 46. Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 47. Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 48. Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 49. Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 50. Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 51. Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 52. Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 53. Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 54. Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 55. Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 56. Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 57. Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 58. Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 59. Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 60. Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 61. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2026) & (K Units)
Table 62. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table 63. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Forecast by Type (2021-2026) & ($ Millions)
Table 64. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table 65. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2026) & (K Units)
Table 66. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Table 67. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Forecast by Application (2021-2026) & ($ Millions)
Table 68. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Table 69. Becton, Dickinson and Company Basic Information, Injectable Drug Delivery System Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 70. Becton, Dickinson and Company Injectable Drug Delivery System Product Offered
Table 71. Becton, Dickinson and Company Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 72. Becton, Dickinson and Company Main Business
Table 73. Becton, Dickinson and Company Latest Developments
Table 74. Baxter International Basic Information, Injectable Drug Delivery System Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 75. Baxter International Injectable Drug Delivery System Product Offered
Table 76. Baxter International Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 77. Baxter International Main Business
Table 78. Baxter International Latest Developments
Table 79. Pfizer Basic Information, Injectable Drug Delivery System Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 80. Pfizer Injectable Drug Delivery System Product Offered
Table 81. Pfizer Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 82. Pfizer Main Business
Table 83. Pfizer Latest Developments
Table 84. Gerresheimer AG Basic Information, Injectable Drug Delivery System Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 85. Gerresheimer AG Injectable Drug Delivery System Product Offered
Table 86. Gerresheimer AG Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 87. Gerresheimer AG Main Business
Table 88. Gerresheimer AG Latest Developments
Table 89. Schott AG Basic Information, Injectable Drug Delivery System Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 90. Schott AG Injectable Drug Delivery System Product Offered
Table 91. Schott AG Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 92. Schott AG Main Business
Table 93. Schott AG Latest Developments
Table 94. Eli Lilly and Company Basic Information, Injectable Drug Delivery System Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 95. Eli Lilly and Company Injectable Drug Delivery System Product Offered
Table 96. Eli Lilly and Company Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 97. Eli Lilly and Company Main Business
Table 98. Eli Lilly and Company Latest Developments
Table 99. Terumo Corporation Basic Information, Injectable Drug Delivery System Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 100. Terumo Corporation Injectable Drug Delivery System Product Offered
Table 101. Terumo Corporation Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 102. Terumo Corporation Main Business
Table 103. Terumo Corporation Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Picture of Injectable Drug Delivery System
Figure 2. Injectable Drug Delivery System Report Years Considered
Figure 3. Research Objectives
Figure 4. Research Methodology
Figure 5. Research Process and Data Source
Figure 6. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Growth Rate 2016-2026 (K Units)
Figure 7. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2026 ($ Millions)
Figure 8. Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales by Region (2021 & 2026) & ($ millions)
Figure 9. Product Picture of Conventional Devices
Figure 10. Product Picture of Self Injecting Devices
Figure 11. Product Picture of Others
Figure 12. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 13. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 14. Injectable Drug Delivery System Consumed in Hospital
Figure 15. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Market: Hospital (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 16. Injectable Drug Delivery System Consumed in Clinic
Figure 17. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Market: Clinic (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 18. Injectable Drug Delivery System Consumed in Personal
Figure 19. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Market: Personal (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 20. Injectable Drug Delivery System Consumed in Other
Figure 21. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Market: Other (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 22. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 23. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 24. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market by Company in 2020 ($ Million)
Figure 25. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Company in 2020
Figure 26. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Regions (2016-2021)
Figure 27. Global Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 28. Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales 2016-2021 (K Units)
Figure 29. Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 30. APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales 2016-2021 (K Units)
Figure 31. APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 32. Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales 2016-2021 (K Units)
Figure 33. Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 34. Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales 2016-2021 (K Units)
Figure 35. Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 36. Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 37. Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 38. Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 39. Americas Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 40. United States Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 41. Canada Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 42. Mexico Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 43. Brazil Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 44. APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 45. APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2020
Figure 46. APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 47. APAC Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 48. China Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 49. Japan Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 50. Korea Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 51. Southeast Asia Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 52. India Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 53. Australia Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 54. Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 55. Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 56. Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 57. Europe Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 58. Germany Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 59. France Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 60. UK Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 61. Italy Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 62. Russia Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 63. Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 64. Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 65. Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 66. Middle East & Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Sales Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 67. Egypt Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 68. South Africa Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 69. Israel Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 70. Turkey Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 71. GCC Country Injectable Drug Delivery System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 72. Channels of Distribution
Figure 73. Distributors Profiles