Table of Contents
1 Market Overview
1.1 Belleville Spring Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 High Temperature
1.2.2 Normal Temperature
1.3 Market Analysis by Applications
1.3.1 Automobile
1.3.2 Industrial
1.3.3 Others
1.4 Market Analysis by Regions
1.4.1 North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
1.4.1.1 United States Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.1.2 Canada Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.1.3 Mexico Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)
1.4.2.1 Germany Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2.2 France Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2.3 UK Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2.4 Russia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2.5 Italy Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
1.4.3.1 China Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3.2 Japan Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3.3 Korea Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3.4 India Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4 South America, Middle East and Africa
1.4.4.1 Brazil Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4.2 Egypt Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4.3 Saudi Arabia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4.4 South Africa Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4.5 Turkey Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.5 Market Dynamics
1.5.1 Market Opportunities
1.5.2 Market Risk
1.5.3 Market Driving Force
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Lee Spring
2.1.1 Business Overview
2.1.2 Belleville Spring Type and Applications
2.1.2.1 Product A
2.1.2.2 Product B
2.1.3 Lee Spring Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.2 Barnes Group Inc
2.2.1 Business Overview
2.2.2 Belleville Spring Type and Applications
2.2.2.1 Product A
2.2.2.2 Product B
2.2.3 Barnes Group Inc Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.3 Ro&De
2.3.1 Business Overview
2.3.2 Belleville Spring Type and Applications
2.3.2.1 Product A
2.3.2.2 Product B
2.3.3 Ro&De Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.4 JiuShine
2.4.1 Business Overview
2.4.2 Belleville Spring Type and Applications
2.4.2.1 Product A
2.4.2.2 Product B
2.4.3 JiuShine Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.5 Chungrong Group
2.5.1 Business Overview
2.5.2 Belleville Spring Type and Applications
2.5.2.1 Product A
2.5.2.2 Product B
2.5.3 Chungrong Group Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.6 AirLoc Schrepfer AG
2.6.1 Business Overview
2.6.2 Belleville Spring Type and Applications
2.6.2.1 Product A
2.6.2.2 Product B
2.6.3 AirLoc Schrepfer AG Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.7 ANCHOR LAMINA
2.7.1 Business Overview
2.7.2 Belleville Spring Type and Applications
2.7.2.1 Product A
2.7.2.2 Product B
2.7.3 ANCHOR LAMINA Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.8 Boneham & Turner
2.8.1 Business Overview
2.8.2 Belleville Spring Type and Applications
2.8.2.1 Product A
2.8.2.2 Product B
2.8.3 Boneham & Turner Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.9 Ganter
2.9.1 Business Overview
2.9.2 Belleville Spring Type and Applications
2.9.2.1 Product A
2.9.2.2 Product B
2.9.3 Ganter Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.10 Lesjofors
2.10.1 Business Overview
2.10.2 Belleville Spring Type and Applications
2.10.2.1 Product A
2.10.2.2 Product B
2.10.3 Lesjofors Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.11 Schweizer GmbH & Co. KG
2.11.1 Business Overview
2.11.2 Belleville Spring Type and Applications
2.11.2.1 Product A
2.11.2.2 Product B
2.11.3 Schweizer GmbH & Co. KG Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.12 SPIROL
2.12.1 Business Overview
2.12.2 Belleville Spring Type and Applications
2.12.2.1 Product A
2.12.2.2 Product B
2.12.3 SPIROL Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
3 Global Belleville Spring Sales, Revenue, Market Share and Competition by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
3.1 Global Belleville Spring Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
3.2 Global Belleville Spring Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
3.3 Market Concentration Rate
3.3.1 Top 3 Belleville Spring Manufacturer Market Share in 2018
3.3.2 Top 6 Belleville Spring Manufacturer Market Share in 2018
3.4 Market Competition Trend
4 Global Belleville Spring Market Analysis by Regions
4.1 Global Belleville Spring Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions
4.1.1 Global Belleville Spring Sales and Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
4.1.2 Global Belleville Spring Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
4.2 North America Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
4.3 Europe Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
4.5 South America Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
5 North America Belleville Spring by Country
5.1 North America Belleville Spring Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
5.1.1 North America Belleville Spring Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
5.1.2 North America Belleville Spring Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
5.2 United States Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
5.3 Canada Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
5.4 Mexico Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6 Europe Belleville Spring by Country
6.1 Europe Belleville Spring Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
6.1.1 Europe Belleville Spring Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
6.1.2 Europe Belleville Spring Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
6.2 Germany Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6.3 UK Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6.4 France Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6.5 Russia Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6.6 Italy Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7 Asia-Pacific Belleville Spring by Country
7.1 Asia-Pacific Belleville Spring Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
7.1.1 Asia-Pacific Belleville Spring Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
7.1.2 Asia-Pacific Belleville Spring Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
7.2 China Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7.3 Japan Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7.4 Korea Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7.5 India Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7.6 Southeast Asia Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
8 South America Belleville Spring by Country
8.1 South America Belleville Spring Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
8.1.1 South America Belleville Spring Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
8.1.2 South America Belleville Spring Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
8.2 Brazil Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
8.3 Argentina Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
8.4 Colombia Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9 Middle East and Africa Belleville Spring by Countries
9.1 Middle East and Africa Belleville Spring Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Belleville Spring Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Belleville Spring Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
9.2 Saudi Arabia Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9.3 Turkey Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9.4 Egypt Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9.5 Nigeria Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9.6 South Africa Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
10 Global Belleville Spring Market Segment by Type
10.1 Global Belleville Spring Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
10.1.1 Global Belleville Spring Sales and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
10.1.2 Global Belleville Spring Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
10.2 High Temperature Sales Growth and Price
10.2.1 Global High Temperature Sales Growth (2014-2019)
10.2.2 Global High Temperature Price (2014-2019)
10.3 Normal Temperature Sales Growth and Price
10.3.1 Global Normal Temperature Sales Growth (2014-2019)
10.3.2 Global Normal Temperature Price (2014-2019)
11 Global Belleville Spring Market Segment by Application
11.1 Global Belleville Spring Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
11.2 Automobile Sales Growth (2014-2019)
11.3 Industrial Sales Growth (2014-2019)
11.4 Others Sales Growth (2014-2019)
12 Belleville Spring Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.1 Global Belleville Spring Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
12.2 Belleville Spring Market Forecast by Regions (2019-2024)
12.2.1 North America Belleville Spring Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.2.2 Europe Belleville Spring Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.2.3 Asia-Pacific Belleville Spring Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.2.4 South America Belleville Spring Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.2.5 Middle East and Africa Belleville Spring Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.3 Belleville Spring Market Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
12.3.1 Global Belleville Spring Sales Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
12.3.2 Global Belleville Spring Market Share Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
12.4 Belleville Spring Market Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
12.4.1 Global Belleville Spring Sales Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
12.4.2 Global Belleville Spring Market Share Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Sales Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.1.3 Marketing Channel Future Trend
13.2 Distributors, Traders and Dealers
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Data Source
Figure Belleville Spring Picture
Table Product Specifications of Belleville Spring
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Belleville Spring by Types in 2018
Table Belleville Spring Types for Major Manufacturers
Figure High Temperature Picture
Figure Normal Temperature Picture
Figure Belleville Spring Sales Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Automobile Picture
Figure Industrial Picture
Figure Others Picture
Figure United States Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Canada Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Mexico Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Germany Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure France Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure UK Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Russia Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Italy Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure China Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Japan Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Korea Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure India Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Southeast Asia Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Brazil Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Egypt Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Saudi Arabia Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure South Africa Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Nigeria Belleville Spring Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Table Lee Spring Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Lee Spring Belleville Spring Type and Applications
Table Lee Spring Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Barnes Group Inc Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Barnes Group Inc Belleville Spring Type and Applications
Table Barnes Group Inc Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Ro&De Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Ro&De Belleville Spring Type and Applications
Table Ro&De Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table JiuShine Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table JiuShine Belleville Spring Type and Applications
Table JiuShine Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Chungrong Group Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Chungrong Group Belleville Spring Type and Applications
Table Chungrong Group Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table AirLoc Schrepfer AG Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table AirLoc Schrepfer AG Belleville Spring Type and Applications
Table AirLoc Schrepfer AG Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table ANCHOR LAMINA Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table ANCHOR LAMINA Belleville Spring Type and Applications
Table ANCHOR LAMINA Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Boneham & Turner Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Boneham & Turner Belleville Spring Type and Applications
Table Boneham & Turner Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Ganter Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Ganter Belleville Spring Type and Applications
Table Ganter Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Lesjofors Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Lesjofors Belleville Spring Type and Applications
Table Lesjofors Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Schweizer GmbH & Co. KG Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Schweizer GmbH & Co. KG Belleville Spring Type and Applications
Table Schweizer GmbH & Co. KG Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table SPIROL Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table SPIROL Belleville Spring Type and Applications
Table SPIROL Belleville Spring Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Global Belleville Spring Sales by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
Figure Global Belleville Spring Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2017
Figure Global Belleville Spring Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2018
Table Global Belleville Spring Revenue by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
Figure Global Belleville Spring Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2017
Figure Global Belleville Spring Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2018
Figure Top 3 Belleville Spring Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2018
Figure Top 6 Belleville Spring Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2018
Figure Global Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Global Belleville Spring Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Global Belleville Spring Sales by Regions (2014-2019)
Table Global Belleville Spring Sales Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
Table Global Belleville Spring Revenue by Regions (2014-2019)
Figure Global Belleville Spring Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2014
Figure Global Belleville Spring Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Figure North America Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Europe Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Asia-Pacific Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure South America Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Middle East and Africa Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure North America Belleville Spring Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table North America Belleville Spring Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table North America Belleville Spring Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure North America Belleville Spring Sales Market Share by Countries in 2014
Figure North America Belleville Spring Sales Market Share by Countries in 2018
Table North America Belleville Spring Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Table North America Belleville Spring Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure North America Belleville Spring Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2014
Figure North America Belleville Spring Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018
Figure United States Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Canada Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Mexico Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Europe Belleville Spring Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Europe Belleville Spring Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Europe Belleville Spring Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Europe Belleville Spring Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Europe Belleville Spring Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2017
Figure Europe Belleville Spring Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018
Figure Germany Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure UK Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure France Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Russia Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Italy Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Asia-Pacific Belleville Spring Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Asia-Pacific Belleville Spring Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Asia-Pacific Belleville Spring Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Asia-Pacific Belleville Spring Sales Market Share by Countries 2018
Table Asia-Pacific Belleville Spring Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Asia-Pacific Belleville Spring Revenue Market Share by Countries 2018
Figure China Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Japan Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Korea Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure India Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Southeast Asia Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure South America Belleville Spring Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table South America Belleville Spring Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table South America Belleville Spring Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure South America Belleville Spring Sales Market Share by Countries in 2018
Table South America Belleville Spring Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Table South America Belleville Spring Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure South America Belleville Spring Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018
Figure Brazil Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Argentina Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Colombia Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Middle East and Africa Belleville Spring Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Middle East and Africa Belleville Spring Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Middle East and Africa Belleville Spring Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Middle East and Africa Belleville Spring Sales Market Share by Countries in 2018
Table Middle East and Africa Belleville Spring Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Middle East and Africa Belleville Spring Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Middle East and Africa Belleville Spring Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2014
Figure Middle East and Africa Belleville Spring Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018
Figure Saudi Arabia Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure UAE Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Egypt Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Nigeria Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure South Africa Belleville Spring Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Global Belleville Spring Sales by Type (2014-2019)
Table Global Belleville Spring Sales Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table Global Belleville Spring Revenue by Type (2014-2019)
Table Global Belleville Spring Revenue Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global High Temperature Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global High Temperature Price (2014-2019)
Figure Global Normal Temperature Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Normal Temperature Price (2014-2019)
Table Global Belleville Spring Sales by Application (2014-2019)
Table Global Belleville Spring Sales Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Industrial Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Others Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Belleville Spring Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Table Global Belleville Spring Sales Forecast by Regions (2019-2024)
Table Global Belleville Spring Market Share Forecast by Regions (2019-2024)
Figure North America Sales Belleville Spring Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure Europe Sales Belleville Spring Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure Asia-Pacific Sales Belleville Spring Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure South America Sales Belleville Spring Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure Middle East and Africa Sales Belleville Spring Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Table Global Belleville Spring Sales Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Belleville Spring Market Share Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Belleville Spring Sales Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Belleville Spring Market Share Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
Table Distributors/Traders/ Dealers List
【掲載企業】
Lee Spring、Barnes Group Inc、Ro&De、JiuShine、Chungrong Group、AirLoc Schrepfer AG、ANCHOR LAMINA、Boneham & Turner、Ganter、Lesjofors、Schweizer GmbH & Co. KG、SPIROL、