Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1 Industry Overview of Manual Angle Seat Valve
1.1 Definition of Manual Angle Seat Valve
1.2 Manual Angle Seat Valve Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
1.2.2 Metal Type
1.2.3 Plastic Type
1.2.4 Iron Type
1.2.5 Other Materials
1.3 Manual Angle Seat Valve Segment by Applications
1.3.1 Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Consumption Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
1.3.2 Gases & Vapors
1.3.3 Fluids
1.3.4 Other
1.4 Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Overall Market
1.4.1 Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue (2014-2025)
1.4.2 Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Production (2014-2025)
1.4.3 North America Manual Angle Seat Valve Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.4 Europe Manual Angle Seat Valve Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.5 China Manual Angle Seat Valve Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.6 Japan Manual Angle Seat Valve Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Manual Angle Seat Valve Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.8 India Manual Angle Seat Valve Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Manual Angle Seat Valve
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Manual Angle Seat Valve
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Manual Angle Seat Valve
3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Manual Angle Seat Valve
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Manual Angle Seat Valve
3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans
4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers
4.1 Manual Angle Seat Valve Production and Capacity Analysis
4.2 Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Analysis
4.3 Manual Angle Seat Valve Price Analysis
4.4 Market Concentration Degree
5 Manual Angle Seat Valve Regional Market Analysis
5.1 Manual Angle Seat Valve Production by Regions
5.1.1 Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Production by Regions
5.1.2 Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue by Regions
5.2 Manual Angle Seat Valve Consumption by Regions
5.3 North America Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Analysis
5.3.1 North America Manual Angle Seat Valve Production
5.3.2 North America Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue
5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
5.3.4 North America Manual Angle Seat Valve Import and Export
5.4 Europe Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Analysis
5.4.1 Europe Manual Angle Seat Valve Production
5.4.2 Europe Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue
5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
5.4.4 Europe Manual Angle Seat Valve Import and Export
5.5 China Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Analysis
5.5.1 China Manual Angle Seat Valve Production
5.5.2 China Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue
5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China
5.5.4 China Manual Angle Seat Valve Import and Export
5.6 Japan Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Analysis
5.6.1 Japan Manual Angle Seat Valve Production
5.6.2 Japan Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue
5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan
5.6.4 Japan Manual Angle Seat Valve Import and Export
5.7 Southeast Asia Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Analysis
5.7.1 Southeast Asia Manual Angle Seat Valve Production
5.7.2 Southeast Asia Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue
5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
5.7.4 Southeast Asia Manual Angle Seat Valve Import and Export
5.8 India Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Analysis
5.8.1 India Manual Angle Seat Valve Production
5.8.2 India Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue
5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India
5.8.4 India Manual Angle Seat Valve Import and Export
6 Manual Angle Seat Valve Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Production by Type
6.2 Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue by Type
6.3 Manual Angle Seat Valve Price by Type
7 Manual Angle Seat Valve Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Consumption by Application
7.2 Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
8 Manual Angle Seat Valve Major Manufacturers Analysis
8.1 Bopp & Reuther
8.1.1 Bopp & Reuther Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
8.1.2 Bopp & Reuther Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.1.3 Bopp & Reuther Manual Angle Seat Valve Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.2 BUROCCO ACHILLE
8.2.1 BUROCCO ACHILLE Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
8.2.2 BUROCCO ACHILLE Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.2.3 BUROCCO ACHILLE Manual Angle Seat Valve Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.3 Danfoss
8.3.1 Danfoss Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
8.3.2 Danfoss Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.3.3 Danfoss Manual Angle Seat Valve Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.4 DFL ITALIA SRL
8.4.1 DFL ITALIA SRL Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
8.4.2 DFL ITALIA SRL Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.4.3 DFL ITALIA SRL Manual Angle Seat Valve Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.5 FGS Brasil
8.5.1 FGS Brasil Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
8.5.2 FGS Brasil Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.5.3 FGS Brasil Manual Angle Seat Valve Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.6 GEMU
8.6.1 GEMU Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
8.6.2 GEMU Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.6.3 GEMU Manual Angle Seat Valve Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.7 GF Piping Systems
8.7.1 GF Piping Systems Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
8.7.2 GF Piping Systems Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.7.3 GF Piping Systems Manual Angle Seat Valve Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.8 Guichon Valves
8.8.1 Guichon Valves Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
8.8.2 Guichon Valves Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.8.3 Guichon Valves Manual Angle Seat Valve Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.8.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.9 KSB
8.9.1 KSB Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
8.9.2 KSB Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.9.3 KSB Manual Angle Seat Valve Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.9.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.10 M & M International
8.10.1 M & M International Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
8.10.2 M & M International Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.10.3 M & M International Manual Angle Seat Valve Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.10.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.11 ODE
8.12 OMAL
8.13 SchuF
8.14 VELAN
8.15 Schubert and Salzer
9 Development Trend of Analysis of Manual Angle Seat Valve Market
9.1 Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Manual Angle Seat Valve Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America Manual Angle Seat Valve Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.2 Europe Manual Angle Seat Valve Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.3 China Manual Angle Seat Valve Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.4 Japan Manual Angle Seat Valve Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.5 Southeast Asia Manual Angle Seat Valve Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.6 India Manual Angle Seat Valve Forecast 2019-2025
9.3 Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Trend (Application)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.3 Manual Angle Seat Valve Customers
11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities
11.3 Market Drivers
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Influence Factors
12 Conclusion
13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Author List
13.4 Disclaimer
Figure Picture of Manual Angle Seat Valve
Table Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Production (K Units) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
Figure Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Market Share by Types in 2018
Figure Metal Type Product Picture
Figure Plastic Type Product Picture
Figure Iron Type Product Picture
Figure Other Materials Product Picture
Table Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
Figure Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Gases & Vapors
Figure Fluids
Figure Other
Figure Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Production (K Units) (2014-2025)
Figure North America Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Europe Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure China Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Japan Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Southeast Asia Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure India Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Table Manual Angle Seat Valve Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Manual Angle Seat Valve in 2018
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Manual Angle Seat Valve
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Manual Angle Seat Valve
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers
Table Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Manufacturing Plants Distribution
Table Manual Angle Seat Valve Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position
Table Recent Development and Expansion Plans in Future
Table Manual Angle Seat Valve Capacity (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Manual Angle Seat Valve Production (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue (Million US$) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Manual Angle Seat Valve Average Price (USD/Unit) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure North America Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure North America Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table North America Manual Angle Seat Valve Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Europe Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Europe Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Europe Manual Angle Seat Valve Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure China Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure China Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table China Manual Angle Seat Valve Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Japan Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Japan Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Japan Manual Angle Seat Valve Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Southeast Asia Manual Angle Seat Valve Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure India Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure India Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table India Manual Angle Seat Valve Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Global Consumption Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Value (Consumption) Manual Angle Seat Valve Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table Bopp & Reuther Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
Table Bopp & Reuther Manual Angle Seat Valve Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Bopp & Reuther Manual Angle Seat Valve Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Bopp & Reuther Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Bopp & Reuther Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Bopp & Reuther Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Bopp & Reuther Manual Angle Seat Valve Main Business and Markets Served
Table BUROCCO ACHILLE Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
Table BUROCCO ACHILLE Manual Angle Seat Valve Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table BUROCCO ACHILLE Manual Angle Seat Valve Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table BUROCCO ACHILLE Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table BUROCCO ACHILLE Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure BUROCCO ACHILLE Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table BUROCCO ACHILLE Manual Angle Seat Valve Main Business and Markets Served
Table Danfoss Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
Table Danfoss Manual Angle Seat Valve Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Danfoss Manual Angle Seat Valve Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Danfoss Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Danfoss Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Danfoss Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Danfoss Manual Angle Seat Valve Main Business and Markets Served
Table DFL ITALIA SRL Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
Table DFL ITALIA SRL Manual Angle Seat Valve Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table DFL ITALIA SRL Manual Angle Seat Valve Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table DFL ITALIA SRL Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table DFL ITALIA SRL Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure DFL ITALIA SRL Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table DFL ITALIA SRL Manual Angle Seat Valve Main Business and Markets Served
Table FGS Brasil Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
Table FGS Brasil Manual Angle Seat Valve Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table FGS Brasil Manual Angle Seat Valve Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table FGS Brasil Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table FGS Brasil Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure FGS Brasil Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table FGS Brasil Manual Angle Seat Valve Main Business and Markets Served
Table GEMU Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
Table GEMU Manual Angle Seat Valve Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table GEMU Manual Angle Seat Valve Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table GEMU Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table GEMU Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure GEMU Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table GEMU Manual Angle Seat Valve Main Business and Markets Served
Table GF Piping Systems Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
Table GF Piping Systems Manual Angle Seat Valve Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table GF Piping Systems Manual Angle Seat Valve Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table GF Piping Systems Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table GF Piping Systems Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure GF Piping Systems Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table GF Piping Systems Manual Angle Seat Valve Main Business and Markets Served
Table Guichon Valves Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
Table Guichon Valves Manual Angle Seat Valve Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Guichon Valves Manual Angle Seat Valve Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Guichon Valves Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Guichon Valves Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Guichon Valves Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Guichon Valves Manual Angle Seat Valve Main Business and Markets Served
Table KSB Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
Table KSB Manual Angle Seat Valve Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table KSB Manual Angle Seat Valve Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table KSB Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table KSB Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure KSB Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table KSB Manual Angle Seat Valve Main Business and Markets Served
Table M & M International Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
Table M & M International Manual Angle Seat Valve Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table M & M International Manual Angle Seat Valve Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table M & M International Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table M & M International Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure M & M International Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table M & M International Manual Angle Seat Valve Main Business and Markets Served
Table ODE Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
Table OMAL Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
Table SchuF Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
Table VELAN Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
Table Schubert and Salzer Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Sites and Area Served
Figure Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue (Million USD) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Manual Angle Seat Valve Sales Price (USD/Unit) Forecast 2019-2025
Figure North America Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure North America Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Europe Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure China Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure China Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Japan Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure India Manual Angle Seat Valve Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure India Manual Angle Seat Valve Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Table Global Production (K Units) of Manual Angle Seat Valve by Type (2019-2025)
Table Global Consumption (K Units) of Manual Angle Seat Valve by Application (2019-2025)
Table Manual Angle Seat Valve Distributors List
Table Manual Angle Seat Valve Customers List
Table Market Key Trends
Table Key Opportunities
Table Market Key Drivers
Table Key Challenges
Table Key Influence Factors
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources
【掲載企業】
Bopp & Reuther、BUROCCO ACHILLE、Danfoss、DFL ITALIA SRL、FGS Brasil、GEMU、GF Piping Systems、Guichon Valves、KSB、M & M International、ODE、OMAL、SchuF、VELAN、Schubert and Salzer、