Table of Contents
1 Market Overview
1.1 Offshore Pipeline Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Export Line
1.2.2 Transport Line
1.3 Market Analysis by Applications
1.3.1 Oil
1.3.2 Gas
1.3.3 Refined Product
1.4 Market Analysis by Regions
1.4.1 North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
1.4.1.1 United States Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.1.2 Canada Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.1.3 Mexico Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)
1.4.2.1 Germany Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2.2 France Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2.3 UK Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2.4 Russia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2.5 Italy Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
1.4.3.1 China Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3.2 Japan Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3.3 Korea Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3.4 India Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4 South America, Middle East and Africa
1.4.4.1 Brazil Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4.2 Egypt Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4.3 Saudi Arabia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4.4 South Africa Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4.5 Turkey Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.5 Market Dynamics
1.5.1 Market Opportunities
1.5.2 Market Risk
1.5.3 Market Driving Force
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Saipem
2.1.1 Business Overview
2.1.2 Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
2.1.2.1 Product A
2.1.2.2 Product B
2.1.3 Saipem Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.2 Subsea 7
2.2.1 Business Overview
2.2.2 Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
2.2.2.1 Product A
2.2.2.2 Product B
2.2.3 Subsea 7 Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.3 McDermott
2.3.1 Business Overview
2.3.2 Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
2.3.2.1 Product A
2.3.2.2 Product B
2.3.3 McDermott Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.4 Sapura
2.4.1 Business Overview
2.4.2 Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
2.4.2.1 Product A
2.4.2.2 Product B
2.4.3 Sapura Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.5 Wood Group
2.5.1 Business Overview
2.5.2 Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
2.5.2.1 Product A
2.5.2.2 Product B
2.5.3 Wood Group Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.6 Technip
2.6.1 Business Overview
2.6.2 Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
2.6.2.1 Product A
2.6.2.2 Product B
2.6.3 Technip Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.7 Fugro
2.7.1 Business Overview
2.7.2 Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
2.7.2.1 Product A
2.7.2.2 Product B
2.7.3 Fugro Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.8 Atteris
2.8.1 Business Overview
2.8.2 Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
2.8.2.1 Product A
2.8.2.2 Product B
2.8.3 Atteris Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.9 Penspen
2.9.1 Business Overview
2.9.2 Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
2.9.2.1 Product A
2.9.2.2 Product B
2.9.3 Penspen Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.10 Petrofac
2.10.1 Business Overview
2.10.2 Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
2.10.2.1 Product A
2.10.2.2 Product B
2.10.3 Petrofac Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.11 Senaat
2.11.1 Business Overview
2.11.2 Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
2.11.2.1 Product A
2.11.2.2 Product B
2.11.3 Senaat Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
3 Global Offshore Pipeline Sales, Revenue, Market Share and Competition by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
3.1 Global Offshore Pipeline Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
3.2 Global Offshore Pipeline Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
3.3 Market Concentration Rate
3.3.1 Top 3 Offshore Pipeline Manufacturer Market Share in 2018
3.3.2 Top 6 Offshore Pipeline Manufacturer Market Share in 2018
3.4 Market Competition Trend
4 Global Offshore Pipeline Market Analysis by Regions
4.1 Global Offshore Pipeline Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions
4.1.1 Global Offshore Pipeline Sales and Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
4.1.2 Global Offshore Pipeline Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
4.2 North America Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
4.3 Europe Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
4.5 South America Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
5 North America Offshore Pipeline by Country
5.1 North America Offshore Pipeline Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
5.1.1 North America Offshore Pipeline Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
5.1.2 North America Offshore Pipeline Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
5.2 United States Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
5.3 Canada Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
5.4 Mexico Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6 Europe Offshore Pipeline by Country
6.1 Europe Offshore Pipeline Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
6.1.1 Europe Offshore Pipeline Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
6.1.2 Europe Offshore Pipeline Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
6.2 Germany Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6.3 UK Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6.4 France Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6.5 Russia Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6.6 Italy Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7 Asia-Pacific Offshore Pipeline by Country
7.1 Asia-Pacific Offshore Pipeline Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
7.1.1 Asia-Pacific Offshore Pipeline Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
7.1.2 Asia-Pacific Offshore Pipeline Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
7.2 China Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7.3 Japan Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7.4 Korea Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7.5 India Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7.6 Southeast Asia Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
8 South America Offshore Pipeline by Country
8.1 South America Offshore Pipeline Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
8.1.1 South America Offshore Pipeline Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
8.1.2 South America Offshore Pipeline Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
8.2 Brazil Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
8.3 Argentina Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
8.4 Colombia Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9 Middle East and Africa Offshore Pipeline by Countries
9.1 Middle East and Africa Offshore Pipeline Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Offshore Pipeline Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Offshore Pipeline Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
9.2 Saudi Arabia Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9.3 Turkey Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9.4 Egypt Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9.5 Nigeria Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9.6 South Africa Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
10 Global Offshore Pipeline Market Segment by Type
10.1 Global Offshore Pipeline Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
10.1.1 Global Offshore Pipeline Sales and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
10.1.2 Global Offshore Pipeline Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
10.2 Export Line Sales Growth and Price
10.2.1 Global Export Line Sales Growth (2014-2019)
10.2.2 Global Export Line Price (2014-2019)
10.3 Transport Line Sales Growth and Price
10.3.1 Global Transport Line Sales Growth (2014-2019)
10.3.2 Global Transport Line Price (2014-2019)
11 Global Offshore Pipeline Market Segment by Application
11.1 Global Offshore Pipeline Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
11.2 Oil Sales Growth (2014-2019)
11.3 Gas Sales Growth (2014-2019)
11.4 Refined Product Sales Growth (2014-2019)
12 Offshore Pipeline Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.1 Global Offshore Pipeline Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
12.2 Offshore Pipeline Market Forecast by Regions (2019-2024)
12.2.1 North America Offshore Pipeline Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.2.2 Europe Offshore Pipeline Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.2.3 Asia-Pacific Offshore Pipeline Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.2.4 South America Offshore Pipeline Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.2.5 Middle East and Africa Offshore Pipeline Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.3 Offshore Pipeline Market Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
12.3.1 Global Offshore Pipeline Sales Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
12.3.2 Global Offshore Pipeline Market Share Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
12.4 Offshore Pipeline Market Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
12.4.1 Global Offshore Pipeline Sales Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
12.4.2 Global Offshore Pipeline Market Share Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Sales Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.1.3 Marketing Channel Future Trend
13.2 Distributors, Traders and Dealers
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Data Source
Figure Offshore Pipeline Picture
Table Product Specifications of Offshore Pipeline
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Offshore Pipeline by Types in 2018
Table Offshore Pipeline Types for Major Manufacturers
Figure Export Line Picture
Figure Transport Line Picture
Figure Offshore Pipeline Sales Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Oil Picture
Figure Gas Picture
Figure Refined Product Picture
Figure United States Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Canada Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Mexico Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Germany Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure France Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure UK Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Russia Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Italy Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure China Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Japan Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Korea Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure India Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Southeast Asia Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Brazil Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Egypt Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Saudi Arabia Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure South Africa Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Nigeria Offshore Pipeline Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Table Saipem Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Saipem Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
Table Saipem Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Subsea 7 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Subsea 7 Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
Table Subsea 7 Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table McDermott Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table McDermott Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
Table McDermott Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Sapura Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Sapura Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
Table Sapura Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Wood Group Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Wood Group Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
Table Wood Group Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Technip Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Technip Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
Table Technip Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Fugro Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Fugro Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
Table Fugro Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Atteris Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Atteris Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
Table Atteris Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Penspen Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Penspen Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
Table Penspen Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Petrofac Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Petrofac Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
Table Petrofac Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Senaat Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Senaat Offshore Pipeline Type and Applications
Table Senaat Offshore Pipeline Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Sales by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
Figure Global Offshore Pipeline Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2017
Figure Global Offshore Pipeline Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2018
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Revenue by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
Figure Global Offshore Pipeline Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2017
Figure Global Offshore Pipeline Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2018
Figure Top 3 Offshore Pipeline Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2018
Figure Top 6 Offshore Pipeline Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2018
Figure Global Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Global Offshore Pipeline Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Sales by Regions (2014-2019)
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Sales Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Revenue by Regions (2014-2019)
Figure Global Offshore Pipeline Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2014
Figure Global Offshore Pipeline Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Figure North America Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Europe Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Asia-Pacific Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure South America Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Middle East and Africa Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure North America Offshore Pipeline Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table North America Offshore Pipeline Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table North America Offshore Pipeline Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure North America Offshore Pipeline Sales Market Share by Countries in 2014
Figure North America Offshore Pipeline Sales Market Share by Countries in 2018
Table North America Offshore Pipeline Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Table North America Offshore Pipeline Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure North America Offshore Pipeline Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2014
Figure North America Offshore Pipeline Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018
Figure United States Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Canada Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Mexico Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Europe Offshore Pipeline Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Europe Offshore Pipeline Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Europe Offshore Pipeline Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Europe Offshore Pipeline Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Europe Offshore Pipeline Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2017
Figure Europe Offshore Pipeline Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018
Figure Germany Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure UK Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure France Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Russia Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Italy Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Asia-Pacific Offshore Pipeline Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Asia-Pacific Offshore Pipeline Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Asia-Pacific Offshore Pipeline Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Asia-Pacific Offshore Pipeline Sales Market Share by Countries 2018
Table Asia-Pacific Offshore Pipeline Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Asia-Pacific Offshore Pipeline Revenue Market Share by Countries 2018
Figure China Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Japan Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Korea Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure India Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Southeast Asia Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure South America Offshore Pipeline Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table South America Offshore Pipeline Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table South America Offshore Pipeline Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure South America Offshore Pipeline Sales Market Share by Countries in 2018
Table South America Offshore Pipeline Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Table South America Offshore Pipeline Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure South America Offshore Pipeline Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018
Figure Brazil Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Argentina Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Colombia Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Middle East and Africa Offshore Pipeline Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Middle East and Africa Offshore Pipeline Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Middle East and Africa Offshore Pipeline Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Middle East and Africa Offshore Pipeline Sales Market Share by Countries in 2018
Table Middle East and Africa Offshore Pipeline Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Middle East and Africa Offshore Pipeline Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Middle East and Africa Offshore Pipeline Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2014
Figure Middle East and Africa Offshore Pipeline Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018
Figure Saudi Arabia Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure UAE Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Egypt Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Nigeria Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure South Africa Offshore Pipeline Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Sales by Type (2014-2019)
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Sales Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Revenue by Type (2014-2019)
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Revenue Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Export Line Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Export Line Price (2014-2019)
Figure Global Transport Line Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Transport Line Price (2014-2019)
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Sales by Application (2014-2019)
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Sales Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Gas Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Refined Product Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Offshore Pipeline Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Sales Forecast by Regions (2019-2024)
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Market Share Forecast by Regions (2019-2024)
Figure North America Sales Offshore Pipeline Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure Europe Sales Offshore Pipeline Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure Asia-Pacific Sales Offshore Pipeline Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure South America Sales Offshore Pipeline Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure Middle East and Africa Sales Offshore Pipeline Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Sales Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Market Share Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Sales Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Offshore Pipeline Market Share Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
Table Distributors/Traders/ Dealers List
【掲載企業】
Saipem、Subsea 7、McDermott、Sapura、Wood Group、Technip、Fugro、Atteris、Penspen、Petrofac、Senaat、
